Electrically operated reflex camera



Jan. 30, 1951 G. M. WALTERS ETAL 2,539,499

ELECTRICALLY OPERATED REFLEX CAMERA Filed July 16, 1947 ll Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR. Gama: M M5525 3 By fiwszLL lr/Mzrzfis.

ATTOFAZKSZ Jan. 30, 1951 G. M. WALTERS EIAL 2,539,499

ELECTRICALLY OPERATED REFLEX CAMERA Filed July 16, 1947 ll Sheets-Sheet 2 X- axis I INVENTOR. 51:0]?65 M Mums 6 y iiusszu, liflimms.

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Jan. 30, 1951 G. M. WALTERS EI'AL 2,539,499

ELECTRICALLY OPERATED REFLEX CAMERA Filed July 16, 1947 11 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR.

Jan. 30, 1951 G. M. WALTERS ETAL ELECTRICALLY OPERATED REFLEX CAMERA ll Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed July 16, 1947 550.1% Wane/as BY El /55151.1. MMLERS.

Jan. 30, 1951 s. M. WALTERS ETAL 2,539,499

ELECTRICAL-LY OPERATED REFLEX CAMERA Filed July 16, 194'? ll Sheets-Sheet 5 I IN V EN TOR. 6150M MLTEZS 1 Fab-511A WMLTEEJ Jan. 30, 1951 G. M. WALTERS EIAL ELECTRICALLY OPERATED REFLEX CAMERA ll Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed July 16, 1947 JNVE/VTOR 620.1 2. MLTEFS By RUSSELL WZVJLTERS 11 i 861 Arrazwzxi Jan. 30, 1951 G. M. WALTERS ETAL 2,539,499

ELECTRICALLY OPERATED REFLEX CAMERA Filed 1947 11 Sheets-Sheet 7 A My;

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Jan. 30, 1951 s. M. WALTERS EI'AL 2,539,499

ELECTRICALLY OPERATED REFLEX CAMERA Filed July 16, 1947 ll Sheets-Sheet 9 RULEX Ea, (EA/TEA l/Efif/CAL. MEET/CAL SW/N Q IN V EN T R- Jan. 30, 1951 e. M. WALTERS ETAL 2,539,499

ELECTRICALLY OPERATED REFLEX CAMERA ll Sheets-Sheet 10 Filed July 16, 1947 Mu /v70 6.601% WALTBPS c B Fuji ELL WMLTEFJ M vrfl awm ATTOF/VZJYS.

Jan. 30, 1951 e. M. WALTERS EI'AL 2,539,499

ELECTRICALLY OPERATED REFLEX CAMERA Filed July 16, 1947 11 Sheets-Sheet 11 IN V EN TOR.

5 a 2 m n +M M p. U WA .L M; w WF y IIIIH'I Patented Jan. 30, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFHQE ELECTRICALLY OPERATED REFLEX CAMERA Application July 16, 1947, Serial No. l61,186

13 Ciaiins. l

A broad object of our invention is to provide a single lens reflex type camera which eliminates the necessity of using twin lenses and permits the substitution of lenses of various focal lengths. The use of a single lens obviates the necessity of calculating the parallax.

A further object of our invention is to provide a camera of the reflex type which can be focused at or above eye level. The focusing hood may be swung from a vertical to a horizontal position and the hood may be rotated throughout a complete circle.

Still another object of our invention is to pro vide a device of the type described in which the photographic cycle is electrically operated by a switch attached to an electric cord permitting remote control. When roll film is used, the movement of the film between successive exposures is automatically elfected.

Still a further object of our invention is to provide a curtain-type shutter capable of stopping the action of a moving subject and in which the size of the scanning shutter slot can be altered to let in the desired amount of light. The variation of the Width of the slot and the control of the speed of its travel, permits a wide range of exposure time and action stoppage control. Novel means is used for photographing either or both the name of the subject an identifying number on each negative.

A further object of our invention is to provide a reflex camera of the type in which the focusing screen is at an angle of ninety degrees to the film focal plane and in which novel means is used to coordinate the movement of the film plane with the focusing screen so as to synchronize their movements about both their vertical and hori zontal axes.

A further object of our invention is to provide a reflex camera of the type described in which pictures of different sizes can be taken. The film movement mechanism can be changed to move different amounts of roll film between successive exposures, the amount being in accordance with the size of the opening that exposes the film portion registering therewith when the shutter is actuated. The size of the opening when smaller than the film aperture is provided by interposing a screen of opaque material between the film aperture and the shutter, this opaque screen having the opening of the desired smaller size. Novel means indicates when the operator may change from the smaller film size to the larger without film wastage. I

A non-perforate screen or safety slide of opaque material can be placed over the sensitive film to prevent it from being exposed to the light when the film magazine is removed from the camera. So long as the safety slide is in position when the film magazine is connected to the camera, the camera cannot be operated because the slide opens a switch that connects the operating mechanism to a sou so of current. In this way, unexposed film is prevented from moving past the film aperture should the operator fail to remove the safety slide and try to operate the camera. The slide also closes a circuit to an indicating light that shows the slide is in the camera.

As a further precaution we have provided means for interrupting the input current after the last exposure on the film has been made and this makes the camera inoperative. The camera has means for indicating when the roll of film is exhausted. The camera will also indicate the amount of film exposed and the amount unexposed.

Other objects and advantages will appear in the following specification and the novel features will be set forth in the appended claims.

Our invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective View of the camera;

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section through the camera; portions being shown in elevation;

Figure 3 is a transverse section taken substan* tially along the line III.III of Figure 2, and shows a rear elevation of a mirror-actuating mechanism and light trap;

Figure 4 is a side elevation of Figure 3 when looking from the left hand side of this figure;

Figure 5 is a vertical section, taken substantially along the line V-V of Figure 3;

Figure 6 is a vertical section, taken substa11- tially along the line VIVI of Figure 2, and shows a rear elevation of the shutter-actuating mechanism, portions being shown in section for clarity;

Figure 7 is a side elevation of Figure 6, when looking from the right hand side of this figure;

Figure 8 is a front elevation o acniatin mechanism illustrat means for the lower curtain;

Figure is a vertical section taken tially along the line 1XIX of Figure 6, a: trates the rotating latches for the lower curtains;

Figure 9A is a section taken along IX..--ZXA of Figure 6 and shows preventing the spinning of the rotatc Figure 10 is an enlarged perspective View 3 the manner of mounting the free end of the upper curtain;

Figure 11 is a top plan View of Figure 6;

Figure 12 is a vertical section, taken substantially along the line XIIXII of Figure 11;

Figure 13 is an enlarged horizontal section taken along the line XIIIXIII of Figure 12, and illustrates the guide for the upper curtain;

Figure 14 is a view of the lower portion of Figure 8 and shows the lower curtain lifting means, collapsed;

Figure 15 is an enlarged horizontal section taken along the line XVXV of Figure 1, and shows a top plan view of the timing device for the shutter;

Figure 16 is a longitudinal section taken along the line XVIXVI of Figure 15;

Figure 17 is a vertical section taken along the line XVIIXVII of Figure 16;

Figure 18 is an enlarged transverse section through the film magazine, with the rear magazine cover removed;

Figure 19 is a bottom plan view of Figure 18, a portion being shown in section for clarity with the rear cover of the magazine in place;

Figure 20 is a vertical section taken substanially along the line XXXX of Figure 18;

Figure 21 is a vertical section taken substantially along the line XXL-XXI of Figure 18;

Figure 22 is an enlarged section taken along the line XXIIXXII of Figure 2G, and illustrates the means for photographing characters on the film margin;

Figure 23 is a top plan view of the camera with the hood and the film magazine removed and showing the means for coordinating the movement of the film plane with the focusing screen so as to synchronize their movements about both their vertical and horizontal axes;

Figure 24 is an isometric optical drawing illus trating diagrammatically how the film plane is swung about its vertical axis simultaneously and in synchrony with the swinging of the focusing screen about its horizontal axis, the two axes lying in the same vertical plane;

Figure 25 is an isometric optical drawing illus trating diagrammatically how the film plane is swung about its horizontal axis simultaneously and in synchrony with the swing of the focusing screen about a horizontal axis that extends at right angles to the horizontal axis used in Figure 24;

Figure 26 is an enlarged section taken substantially along the line XXVI-XXVI of Figure 18, and shows a portion of the film actuating and control mechanism, in side elevation;

Figure 2'7 is a top plan view of Figure 25 and illustrates how a micro switch is controlled by the operation of the film moving mechanism;

Figure 28 is an end view of Figure 27 Figure 29 is a transverse section taken along the line XXIX XXIX of Figure 27;

Figure 30 is a combination wiring diagram and diagrammatic view illustrating how certain micro switches control the film movement for the half length film aperture exposures and full length aperture exposures; and

Figure 31 is a wiring diagram of the various circuits used in operating the camera.

While we have shown the preferred form of our invention it should be understood that various changes or modifications may he made within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

In carrying out our invention, we will first describe the camera in eneral and then will set forth under appropriate headings the reflex mirror and its actuating mechanism; the shutter mechanism with its time, speed and slot-opening control; the film magazine with its film operating mechanism, film control switches, and character photographing means; the synchronized means for coordinating both the film plane and focusing screen in their vertical and horizontal swings; the focusing hood; and the wiring diagram and general operation of the reflex camera in taking time or instantaneous exposures.

REFLEX CAMERA IN GENERAL Reflex cameras have several advantages over other types of cameras, but they also have several handicaps which have tended to limit their usefulness to the professional photographer. The greatest advantage that reflex cameras have over all other types is the ability of the operator to view the image in the exact size of the picture being taken up to the instant of exposure of the photographic film, plate, or other light sensitive material used.

Before describing the mirror actuating mechanism, the general camera construction will be mentioned and reference to Figures 1 and 2 shows it to comp-ise a box-like frame A with a telescoping cylindrical lens mount indicated genorally at B that is slidably received in a cylindrical sleeve i. A rack and gear shown at 2 moves the lens mount B and a control knob 3 is connected to the gear, see Figure 1. A camera hood C extends from the top of the box A and a camera film magazine D is rotatably and removably connected to the back of the box. Both will be described in detail later. The hood prevents extraneous light from striking a focusing screen and the film magazine supports the portion of film to be exposed, at the focal plane. Both the focusing screen and the film focal plane are the same focal distance from the mirror which will now be described.

(a) Mirror and its actuating mechanism The mirror and the mechanism for swinging it into operative and inoperative position are illustrated in Figures 2 to 5, inclusive. A mounting panel for the mirror is indicated at 5 and it has sumcient Width and height to shut oif any protrusion of light rays from the lens 5. The panel is mounted within the camera box A at a point where the inner surface la of the panel forms the optical center of the camera. The panel has an aperture 6 of sufiioient size to admit the cone of light from the lens 5 to the sensitized film plane, carried by the film magazine D.

The panel 6 carries a conical-shaped light trap i that has an inclined lower perimeter 8 defining an opening that is closed by the reflex mirror E when the latter is in inoperative position. The reflex mirror is mounted in a frame that has two supporting end arms 9 and I0 which are pivotally mounted on two shafts i i, carried by the side walls of the light trap at points adjacent to the rear wall. The end support 9 is secured to a pulley l2, while the end support It! carries a rotatable stop l3, see Figure 4. A coil spring I 4 urges the reflex mirror into closed or inoperative position, and a pivoted pawl l5 engages with the stop it for holding the mirror in operative position which is the position shown in Figures 2 to 5 inclusive. A mirror release solenoid It has a plunger ill for freeing the pawl l5 from the stop l3 when the solenoid is energized and the spring [4 will cause the reflex mirror to close the lower end of the light trap I. The plunger H has lock. nuts Ila to limit its movement.

In Figure 5 we show a cable 18 secured to the pulley l2 and passed around a portion of the pulley and then around an idler 19, the free end of the cable being secured to a plunger of a reset solenoid 21. When the solenoid 2| is energized in a manner hereinafter described, the cable 18 will rotate the pulley 12 to open the mirror and swing it into operative position. A spring 22, see Figure 4, causes the pawl 15 to again engage the stop 13 for holding the reflex mirror in operative position. The pawl 15 when swinging to engage stop I3 will reset plunger 11 of the solenoid l6. Stop brackets 23 are carried by the panel 4 and position the mirror at the proper 45 angle when the mirror is swung into operative position by the cable l8. The stop brackets and the rotatable stop l3 with the pawl I5 co-act to hold the mirror against movement in the camera when the mirror is in its reflex position.

The light trap bisects the panel in its optical center. In other words the vertical axis of the light trap coincides with the surface 4a of the panel. The sloping sides of the light trap correspond to the angle of light rays reflected by the reflex mirror E when the mirror is in operative position. Figure 2 illustrates the top of the light trap lying in a horizontal plane that coincides with the pivotal center of two swing rings 24 and 25, the inner one of which supports the focusing screen F. The construction and operation of these swing rings will be explained more i detail hereinafter. Sufiice it to say that the focusing screen F is at the same focal distance from the reflex mirror E as is the sensitized film plane G, carried by the film magazine D. Therefore, the operator knows that when he obtains a clear image on the focusing screen by using the reflex mirror, the same image will be thrown on the sensitized film at the film plane G when the mirror is swung into inoperative position and the shutter caused to pass its shutter slot over the film plane.

The reflex mirror E in swinging from open to closed position, moves through an arc of When the mirror is closed, the light trap I and mirror will prevent any light rays from finding their way into the interior of the camera. Therefore all light rays from the focusing screen F will be prevented from reaching the sensitized film. When the mirror is at its 45 or operative position, it will bisect the admitted imaged light rays from the lens 5 and will reflect the light rays upwardly to the focusing screen. When the mirror is closed or in inoperative position, the focused image will be projected onto the film plane G as soon as the shutter mechanism is actuated. The mirror brackets 23 clear the cone of light from the lens 5 when the mirror is swung into closed position. The brackets have cushioned stops on their flanges and alight tight closure is made between the mirror and brackets when the mirroris in its reflex position.

(b) Shutter mechanism The shutter and its operating mechanism are illustrated in Figures 2 and 6 to 17', inclusive. We provide a mounting panel 26 which is positioned in back of the reflex mirror mounting panel 4, see Figure 2. The panel has a rectangular aperture 2'! of sufiicient size to admit rays of light from the lens 5 to the film plane G. The aperture 2! defines the shutter opening.

We provide two movable curtains of flexible and opaque material to control the passage of light rays through the shutter opening. An up-a per curtain H, see Figures 6 and 12, is attached to an upper spring roller 28, which in turn is rotatably carried by a pair of brackets 29 that are secured to the panel 23. The upper curtain when unrolled from the roller 28 is adapted to extend over the shutter aperture 21 to cover it. The free end of the curtain H is secured to a strip 30, see Figure 10, that acts as a reinforcing member and the strip carries cars 31 which are slidably received under guides 32, carried by the panel 26. Figure 12 shows the upper and lower ends of the guides 32 with abutments 32a attached to the panel 26 and spacing the guides a suficient distance to provide slots that will slidably receive the ears 3|.

We provide means for pulling the upper curtai H, downwardly over the shutter opening 21. Figure 6 shows a spring roller 33 mounted on the panel 26 between brackets 34 that are positioned near the lower end of the opening. Cables 35 are secured to the roller 33 and are wrapped around drum portions 36 on the roller. The free ends of the cables are connected to projections 31 that extend from the strip 39, see Figure 10. The coiled spring in the roller 33 is stronger than the coiled spring in the roller 28, so that a freeing of the roller 33 by means presently to be described, will cause the spring to rotate the roller 33 to quickly wind the cables 33 on the drumportions 36 in order to unwind the curtain H from the roller 28 and rapidly move it across the shutter opening 21.

The coiled spring 33 housed Within the roller 33 has one end connected to a central shaft 33, this shaft extending through the left hand bracket 34 in Figure 6, the other hand of the spring being connected to the roller. The tension of the spring 38 can be set by rotating the shaft 39 within the roller and then looking the shaft to the left hand bracket by a set screw 43. In this way the speed of the shutter curtain is regulated. The right hand end of the roller 33 is carried by and is integral with a shaft section ll that is rotatably mounted in the right hand bracket 34 of Figure 6. Rollers 35 and 28 are constructed in like manner to roller 33 for spring tension adjustment. A gear 42 is keyed to the shaft section 4| and meshes with an intermediate control gear 43, mounted on a control shaft 44.

Associated with the upper curtain H is a lower curtain J that is wrapped around a spring roller 45, the roller being mounted in the brackets 34 and having a right hand shaft portion 56 rigidly connected thereto and rotatably mounted in the right hand bracket 3 of Figure 6. The shaft portion carries a gear 47 that meshes with the idler control gear 43. The free end of the lower screen J is connected. to a reinforcing strip 38, see Figure 9, and the strip is connected to a lower curtain lifting bar .9, see Figure 12. The two ends of the lifting bar 49 carry inverted U- shaped members 33 which are slotted to slidably receive pins 5i, see Figure 8, that are supported by the upper ends of a lazy tong construction indicated generally at 52.

A supporting bar 53 is disposed at the lower portion of the panel 26 and has slots at its ends for slidably receiving pins 54, carried by the lower ends of the lazy ton construction 52. A lazy tong actuating bar 55 or solenoid suspended lift carriage is pivotally secured to the lazy tong construction at 33, see Figure 8, by a lift arm shaft and the ends of the bar are secured to two sole.-

7 noid cores or armatures of aramagnetic material 51 that are slidably received in solenoids 58. The solenoids are supported by the panel 25 and have tubes 59 in which the cores 57 are slidably mounted. The tubes are slotted to permit the ends of the carriage 55 to be connected to the cores and slide in the slots. Suitable stop shock cushions 60 are placed at the lower ends of the tubes to receive the cores 5'! when they are in their lowermost position.

Figure 14 illustrates the lazy tongs 52 collapsed with the lower curtain J uncovering the shutter aperture 2? and the unused portion of the curtain wound on the lower spring roller 35. Figure 8 shows the lazy tong extended by the energizing of the solenoids 58, the lifting of the cores 5? and the raising of the carriage 55 which in turn extends the lazy tongs will raise the bar 439 and the strip 48 with the curtain J and will also raise the upper curtain H either by means of the gears 47, 43, 42 being in mesh or by contact of the upper and lower curtain reinforcing strips when gears 43 and 41 are disengaged, see Figure 6.

In order to support the lower curtain J in its raised position when the solenoids 58 are dee ergized, we provide the strip 38 with two spaced apart lower curtain latch pawls 65, see Figure 9, that engage with the lower edges of recesses provided in rotatable latches 52, carried by a shaft 63. The shaft 63 in turn is rotatably mounted in side brackets 64. The left end of the shaft 53 has a fiat portion, see Figure 6, which contacts a frictional spring stop 63a the function of which will be explained later. The right hand rotatable pawl 62 in Figure 11 has an opening 55 for receiving the end of a lower curtain latch core $5. The core reciprocates in a solenoid coil 6'5, and Figure 6 illustrates a spring 68 for urging the core 66 into the opening 65, see Figure 11, for holding the right hand pawl 62 and the shaft 63 from rotating. The pawls 6! will therefore hold the lower curtain in raised position. An energizing of the coil 6'! will move the core $6 to the right in Figure 6 and release it from the rotatable pawls 62. The lower spring roller 55 will instantly wind the lower curtain and cause it to uncover the shutter opening 2?. The movement of the solenoid core 66 to the right in Figure is limited by an adjustable stop es.

The upper curtain H is likewise held against I being pulled over the shutter opening 21 by pawls 70 that are secured to the strip 36, see Figure 9. The pawls T8 are normally received in recesses provided in rotatable pawls ii that are mounted on a shaft l3 which is rotatably carried by the brackets 64. The left hand rotatable pawl "ii shown in Figure 6 has an opening '52 for receiving the free end of a solenoid core ii-5a of the same construction as the core 65. A solenoid coil 14 receives the core 53a and its construction is the same as the coil 61. On energizing the coil M, it will withdraw the core 73a from the pawl- H and permit the lower spring roller 33 to immediately wind the cables 35 and move the upper curtain down over the shutter opening 2?.

The curtains in moving downwardly under the tension of their spring rollers will cause the latches 6| and 10 to move past the rotatable latches 62 and H with suiiicient speed to tend to rotate the latter. This would likely dispose the recesses 62a and Na out of line with the latches GI and '10 on their return movement. To prevent this the shaft 63 is provided with a fiat portion for receiving the fiat spring 63a when the latch 6| clears the recess 62a. This arrangement is 8 duplicated for the shaft 73 which is shown in Figure 9A.

In Figure 9A, the fiat portion 73b on the right hand end of the shaft "i3 is shown at a 45 angle to a leaf spring "530 that is carried by the panel 26. When the latch iii passes through the recess Ha of the pawl 75, it will rotate the pawl and shaft '53. The spring 730 will permit only a 45" rotation and then will stop further rotation of the shaft because it will contact the flat portion 13b. The pawl H will therefore have its recess Na in a position to receive the latch it on its return movement.

taking a time exposure, the operator first energizes the solenoid 8']! in a manner hereinafter described and releases the lower curtain J which is immediately wound up on the lower roller iii by the action of the coiled spring within the roller. This uncovers the shutter opening and exposes the film. After the proper time period elapses, the operator energizes the solenoid i4 which permits the roller 33 to move the upper curtain over the shutter opening to close it, thus ending the time exposure of the film.

(0) Timing device mechanism This control mechanism is illustrated in Figures l, 2, and 15 to 17, inclusive. The gear 43 is keyed to the control shaft 3d, Figure 6, and this shaft has a non-circular end i ia designed to receive a non-circular socket of a plunger 35, see Figure 16. A knob 76 moves the plunger "35 into engagement with the shaft end Ma for rotating the gear it. The gear 53 normally meshes with the gears 12 and ill, see Figure 6, so that a rotation of the roller 45 to wind up the lower ourtain J wili cause the roller 33 to rotate in unison therewith to move the upper curtain H over the shutter opening.

In a time exposure, the gear E3 is moved out of mesh with the gear i? so that the roller 45 can open the shutter when the solenoid i5? is energized without the upper curtain H immediately covering the shutter opening which would be the case if the gear &3 were in mesh with both gears 32 and 4?. To effect a time exposure, the knob '56, see Figure 16, is moved inwardly far enough to cause the plunger 15 to engage the shaft i4, whereupon further inward movement of the knob will cause it to move a time change selector drum ii inwardly and to move a pin is, carried by the flange of the drum, out of an opening 779. The knob can now be rotated clockwise in Figure 17 for bringing the pin against a recessed plate 88. The pin it? bears against the inner surface of a flange 8i, see Figure 16, when in this position, and will cause the shaft ii to hold its gear 43 out of mesh with the gear ii and permit the two curtains to operate independently for a time exposure in the manner already described. When the drum ii is moved inwardly for a time exposure, it will depress a contact actuating button l'fia for a purpose set forth in the wiring diagram, Figure 31.

When it is desired to change the speed at which a substantially instantaneous picture is taken, the knob i5 is rotated to move the pin ?8 away from the plate 88 shown in Figure 17. The perspective view of the camera in Figure 1 shows the knob it preferably mounted at a point on the camera case looking from the magazine end toward the lens 5. where it will be at the lower right side and near the rear of the camera box. The knob it may be termed the manual time change knob. The drum 71 has indexed time settings on its periphery and viewable through a window 82, see Figure 16. As the knob it; moves the pin 78 away from the plate the pin will come into registry with any one of a plurality of openings 39 and if the knob is not kept depressed, a compression spring 83 will move the pin into the registering opening.

For each opening 79 there is a corresponding time figure on the drum periphery such as the fraction /50 shown in .Tigure 15, this fraction standing for /50 of a second and registering with the window when the pin 33 is received in the opening. Referring to Figure 6, it will be noted that when the knob i6 is depressed and moves the drum '5? to free the pin it from an opening 19, the shaft 64 is moved longitudinally to slide the gear 43 out of mesh with the gear G11 while still keeping the gear 43 in mesh with the gear 42. The gear 43 is moved out of mesh with the gear 47 before the knob can be rotated. A rotation of the knob to a new time setting will also rotate the shaft 4:! and the gears it and The rotation of the gear will rotate the roller and if a relatively slow exposure is to be taken, the roller will pay out the cables and permit the upper roller 28 to wind a portion of the upper curtain to create a larger slot width 85 between the free ends of the adjacent curtain ends, see Figure 9. The amount of the opening for the slot determines the amount of light reaching the sensitized film. If a very short exposure is to be made of a fast moving object, the slot is made very narrow. A freeing of the knob and the entering of the pin 18 in the desired opening 19, again connects the gear with the gear 5? in its new relation.

The knob 1'6 is rotatable through an arc of 330. The operator depresses the knob before rotating it and frees the knob when the desired time fraction appears in the window. The recesses in the upper curtain rotating pawls "H, see Figure 9, permit the pawls 1e, carried by the bar 36 of the upper curtain 1-1, to move out of the recesses as the slot 811 is widened between the two curtain ends. Gear 52 has twice the face length of the gear 3! to permit adjustment of the slot width. The slot 84 when adjusted by the timing device allows light to project between the upper and lower curtains when the curtains are tripped by the solenoids 5i and i i, which are energized simultaneously for taking the picture. The gears 4'5, 43 and 42 maintain the same width of the slot as the two curtains move downwardly upon the energizing of the solenoids. The ends of the two curtains H and J abut each other as shown in Figure 12 when the timing device is set for taking a time exposure. This f ature has already been explained. The circuits controlling the energizing of the solenoids Ell and is will be explained hereinafter.

Figure 6 shows in full line position. the two curtains 1-1 and J at the start for taking a time exposure. The dot dash line position at the bottom of the aperture opening shows the two cur.

tains after completing the time exposure At the top of the figure the dot dash line g "on of the upper curtain is shown raised above 16 ((1) Film magazine The film magazine is illustrated in detail in Figures 2 and 18 to 22, inclusive. In Figure 2, we show inner and outer swing rings and 86, respectively, mounted in the open back of the camera box A. The film magazine has a magazine attachment ring 8? which is rotatably re received in the outer end of the inner swing ring 85. The ring 8? has a groove for the ring 85 and the groove has three openings in its side wall for receiving three lugs carried by the swing ring 85. This permits the insertion of the magazine attachment ring 8? within the swing ring 85', see Figure 19. A spring-pressed ball 89 is carried by the magazine and enters either one of two recesses so disposed 90 apart and this permits the magazine to be arranged in a vertical position or a horizontal position. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the film magazine in a vertical position.

The magazine D has an annular recess for receiving the ends of the magazine attachment ring 8'1 and a safety slide guide support 88 is placed within the ring 8! and is secured to the magazine D by screws 88a seen Figure 18. A rectangular slot 88?) is formed in the magazine D and under the disc 88 so as to receive a safety slide ill or a size change slide IHa, both of which slides will be explained more in detail hereinafter. The slide I'll or the slide Illa when in place, overlaps a magazine aperture opening -89a so as to make a light proof closure.

The magazine D has a rabbeted rear cover 9 I that is removably held in a closed position by spring catches 92, see Figures 18 and .22. Figure 19 illustrates two parallel film runways 93 spaced apart for s idably receiving the sides of the film K. The film is fed from a film feed spool 94 to a film take-up spool 95. the spools being disposed at opposite ends of the film magazine as indicated in Figure 18. We provide an aperture gate assemb y 96 for holding the portion of the film lying between the two spools, down upon the runners '93. The gate assembly has correspond ing runners, on film guide surfaces 91, see Figure 22, that slidably hold the film K on the runners 93. Figure 20 shows how the gate assembly 96 can move away from the runners 93 in order to permit the film K to be threaded between the runners and carriage. Guide bolts 98 are placed at the four corners of the gate assembly frame and are slidably received in brackets 99, secured to the gate assembly, the bolts projecting from and being secured to the aperture assembly ill!) of the magazine which includes the runners or film guides 23. see Figure 20. Coil springs ltll on the bolts bear against the brackets '99 and yieldingly urge the gate assembly 96 away from the aperture assembly I00.

Latches I02 are pivotally secured to the averture ass mbly and have bayonet slots 103 that rece ve pins IM carried by the aperture gate assemb y 96. Figure 2 shows the pins HM held in the transverse portion of the slots H13 by the latch sprin s M5 and in this way the a erture gate assembly is held down on the aperture assemb y H ll. The arrangement keeps the portion of fi m passing between the guides in the film plane G.

(e) Sunchroni ed means for coordinating the vertical and horizontal swings of the film plane and focusing screen Figures 2 and 23 illustrate the outer swing ring 25 for the focusing screen F as being pivotall'y mounted on trunnions tilt and lit? that are in alignment with each other and lie in a vertical plane that extends through the focal longitudinal axis x of the lens system 5. The trunnion tilt has a worm gear use keyed thereto and the trunnion is rotatably mounted in a supporting bracket )9. The front trunnion liill is rotatably mount ed in a supporting bracket lit which in turn is connected to the camera box A.

Figure 23 shows the inner swing ring 24 pivotally supported on a horizontal axis by axially aligned trunnions iii and M2 that are rotatably carried by the outer swing ring 25. The trunnions iii and lie in the same plane as the trunnions m6 and Hill and the common axis of the first mentioned pair of trunnions extends at right angles to the common axis of the other pair of trunnions. Figure 2 shows the trunnion M2 with a worm gear H3 keyed thereto for a purpose presently to be described.

Figure 2 further illustrates the outer swing ring 85 for the film magazine D as having vertically arranged and diametrically opposed trim-- nions lid and H5, both of which are supported by the camera box A. A worm gear I it is keyed to the upper trunnion lit and is in mesh with a worm i ll which also meshes with the worm gear Hi3. In Figure 23, we show the inner swing ring 85 pivotally secured to the outer swing ring 85 by trunnions H8 and M9. These trunnions are axially aligned and their common axis intersects the common axis of the trunnions H4 and M5 at right angles. The trunnion H8 has a worm lZil keyed thereto, see Figure 2.

We swing the outer swing rings 25 and 36 simultaneously and in synchrony with each other by rotating the worm ill by means of a shaft i2! and a control knob l22, see Figure 23. The same figure shows another control knob l 23 con"- nected to a flexible shaft G24 that is passed through a supporting bearing M5, the shaft being connected to a worm E26 that meshes with the worm gear M3. A second flexible shaft l2?! extends from the worm 526 to a worm i28 that meshes with the worm gear iZh, see Figure 2. A turning of the knob I23 will simultaneously swing both the inner swing rings 2 and 85 in synchrony with each other and this is accomplished through the two flexible shafts I2 and i2? and the worms M6 and M8.

With the two sets of swing rings just described, it is possible to adiust the focal plane G of the film with respect to th camera angle being used to photograph the subject. The focusing screen F is connected to the sensitized film plane G by the swing rings and associate mechanism so that the two will move in synchrony together about the vertical and horizintal axes and will be properly coordinated. In order to clear this point up more fully, we have made two diagrammatic drawings in Figures 24 and 25, the former figure indicating the horizontal swing of the parts and the latter figure indicating the vertical swing.

-- Referring to Figure 24, the lens 5 is shown as directing a cone of light rays E29 onto the reflex mirror The focal plane horizontal center :axis from the lens 5 to the film plane G is indicated by the axis This axis strikes the mirror E when the mirror is at its 45 position and intersection with the axis x. The vertical axis -'J projects through the center of the focusing screen F of ground glass.

A turning of the knob 522 in Figure 23 will swing the outer ring, 86 about 22 its vertical axis to swing the film plane G into the dash line position shown, the vertical pivotal axis for the plane G being shown at a and cor responding to the axis for the trunnions 5 i i and H5 in Figure 2.

At the same time the outer swing ring 25 for the focusing screen F is swung about its horizontal axis g which corresponds to the axis of the trunnions itii and in Figure A swung position of the focusing screen is shown by the dash lines in Figure 2e. Tihe photographer will therefore see exactly the so image on the focusing screen F as will be thr wn on the film G when the mirror is moved out of the cone of light and the shutter mechanism is tripped.

Figure 25 illustrates the vertical swing when the knob 213 is rotated. This knob controls the swing of the inner rings 2d and through the flexible shafts and i277 and the worms and l28, see Figures 2 and 23. A turning of the knob i253 will swing the film 6% about a horizontal axis as" which corresponds to the axis of the horizontal trunnions lit tilt in Figure 23. At the same time the focusing F will be swung about a horizontal y which corresponds to the axis of the horizontal trunnions iii and in Figure 23.

It is possible by actuating both the knobs i2 3 and i213 to obtain any desired angular position of the film plane G and the focusing screen plane F within the limits of the rings swing, which will be the result of t a combined movements of all four swing rings -25 and 35-853.

(f) Focusing hood and auxiliary mirror The top of the light trap l carries a discshaped light shield lfiii that extends from the circular perimeter at the top of the trap to the inner spherical surface of the inner swing ring 24. This will prevent light rays from passing around the outer surface of the light trap and entering the camera box interior. The swing rings 24, 25, and a5 are placed close enough together and their spherical surfaces will prevent the entrance of extraneous light into the camera box A.

The focusing head assembly is indicated at L in Figure 2. A rotatable head ring it! is mounted on the circular perimeter of the swing ring 2 2, just above th ground glass focusing screen F. A selector lock comprising a springpressed pin IE2 is carried by the ring and its inner end can enter any one of a number of recesses I553 arranged around the outer periphery of the ring E35. A spring I3 urges the pin I32 into the desired ring recess 533. It is possible to rotate the ring l3l through a complete 360.

The hood C is pivoted to the side members of l h, Figure 2, at E35 and can swing from the substantially horizontal position shown in Figure 2 into the vertical position indicated by the dot dash lines. elbow for the hood when in horizontal position is formed by two side members having arcuate edges against which a flexible backing member l3? bears. The lower end of the backing member is secured to the ring 55! adjacent to the ring opening and the other end yieldingly bears against the inner surface of the hood. An auxiliary mirror ltd is pivoted at its and a torsional spring, not shown, is placed at the mirror pivot point for tending to swing the mirror in a clockwise direction when looking .at Figure 2. A roller M59 is mounted at the top of the mirror and rides on the flexible backing member in contact with the hood interior.

When the hood is in the horizintal position shown in Figure 2, the auxiliary mirror I38 will reflect what image is cast on the ground glass F so that the operator can see the object when looking into the hood. The reflex camera can be used at the eye level of the operator due to this arrangement. The hood can be swung about a vertical axis through 360 due to the ring I3I. As the hood C is swung into a vertical position, the auxiliary mirror will also swing into a vertical position, so as to be out of the way when the hood reaches the dot dash line position of Figure 2. The flexible backing memmer will also extend along the inner surface of the hood so as to be out of the way.

An aperture change kit comprising a disc Ill, see Figure 2, covering the top of the ground glass, has a rectanagular opening corresponding to the rectangular area of the film plane G. When the film magazine D is swung from a vertical to a horizontal position, the aperture change kit disc I4! can be rotated 90 on the ground glass by means of the pin I42 so that the image on the ground glass will be properly framed, this frame occupying the same relative position as the film magazine.

(g) Film numbering device We provide afilm numbering device as shown in Figures 1, 2, and 22. A card receiving pocket I43 is provided at the side of the film magazine D and a window I44 is placed on the (h) Intermittent film-moving mechanism In Figures 18 to 22, inclusive, and 26 to 28, in-

clusive, we show the film moving mechanism.

The film take-up spool 95 in Figure 18 has a shaft I55 connected thereto and the shaft is connected to an intermittently moved shaft I5I by gearing at i52. Figure 21 illustrates a tube i53 mounted below the shafts I and I5I, and a rack bar I54 of non-magnetic material is slidably mounted in the tube and is connected to a core or para-magnetic armature I which is also slidable in the tube. The tube I53 extends through a solenoid coil I56, and is supported at each end by brackets I531; and I531), mounted on the lower portion of the magazine case D, see Figures 18 and 26, and has a slotted portion where the rack I54 is mounted.

Referring again to Figures 18 and 21, it will be seen that the rack meshes with a pinion I5? which in turn is rotatably mounted on the shaft IE5. The pinion is rotated each time the raci: is moved by the core I55 which in turn is moved by the energizing of the solenoid I56. Figure 26 illustrates a coil compression spring I58 mounted in the tube for the purpose of returning the core and the rack to their starting positions when the solenoid is eenergized. An adjustabie stop which includes a-short coil spring 14 I59, Figure 18, is used for stopping the rack on its return movement.

The coil spring I59 bears against an adjustable disc I5Ila that is slidably received in the tube I53 and the compression of the spring is controlled by adjusting a screw I54a threaded in the bracket I53a and then looking the screw by the lock nut I541). In a similar manner the compression of the spring I58, see Figure 26, may be adjusted by moving a disc I58a into theother end of the tube I53 and holding the disc in place by a screw I56a which is threaded into the bracket I53b. A look nut I-5'Ia holds the screw in place. The movement of the rack in both directions can be controlled by these springs so that the rack will move properly on its return movement and be stopped at the required place after the solenoid I56 becomes deenergized.

A pawl I66 is pivotally carried by the pinion I51 and when the rack is moved by the energizing of the solenoid I56, the pawl will rotate a toothed ratchet I6I keyed to the shaft I5I and moving the shaft in a counter-clockwise direction, when looking at Figure 21, and the film take-up reel in a clockwise direction to wind the film K thereon. Upon deenergization of the solenoid I56, the spring I58, see Figure 26, will return the rack I54, thereby rotating the pinion I57 in the opposite direction and this will cause the pawl I66 to move over the ratchet IBI in a clockwise direction without rotating the ratchet. A holding pawl I62 prevents any clockwise movement of the ratchet I6I. The film take-up spool will therefore be intermittently rotated by the repeated energizations of the solenoid I56.

An oscillator switch I63 is supported adjacent to the tube I53, see Figures 26., 2'7 and 28 and has a switch arm I64 that bears against a switch On-Ofi lag cam I65, see Figure 29. The cam is rotatably mounted on an upright shaft I66 and is held against the top face of a gear I61 by a compression spring I68. The gear I67 meshes with a rack I69 that in turn is reciprocated by the solenoid core I55 and the tube I53 is slotted t permit the meshing of a non-magnetic gear and rack. A timing plate III] is secured to the upper surface of the gear I61 and a movement of the core I55 caused by the energizing of the solenoid I56 will rotate the gear clockwise when looking at Figure 2'7 and will bring the plate I!!! against a radial edge III of the cam, this edge depending below the enlarged disc-shaped base I650. of the cam. The base I65a supports an upstanding cylindrical portion I65b of a smaller diameter and from this a quarter segment I650 projects laterally and it is this portion against which the arm I64 bears. As soon as the plate Il'il strikes the edge III, the quarter segment I650 will rotate to free the arm I64 and permit the switch I53 to open. The opening of the switch deenergizes the solenoid I56 in a manner to be shown in the wiring diagram, and the spring I58 will return the parts to starting position and the quarter segment I650 will again close the circuit. This intermittent energization of the solenoid I56 will rapidly continueuntil the proper amount of film has been wound on the take up spool.

(j) diagram and operation of the reflex camera The wiring diagram is set forth in Figure 31 with the camera case section A being shown by the left hand dot dash rectangle in this figure and the film magazine sectionD shown by the l right hand dot dash rectangle. A six line cable interconnects the electrical parts in both the camera section and the film magazine section.

Assume that the operator wishes to make an instantaneous exposure. He first removes a sefety slide I'll, see Figure 19, from the slot 982) that positions the slide in front of the sensitized film plane G. The removal of the slide permits the split contact safety slide switch H2, see Figure 18, to open the eighteen volt current line from the eighteen volt secondary or the transformer I13 to the safety slide warning light ild, see Figure 1, whereby the light will be put out. The lower contact points IlEa of the switch H2 are opened when the slide MI is removed. At the same time the split contact switch HZ will close the upper contact points 5 E219 and will close a circuit to a push button or hand operated bulb switch H5 for the operator because the film runout switch I79, supported by the aperture gate assembly 95,'see Figure 18, will close contact IiBa due to a film K extending over the film plane and raising the switch arm connected with the switch for closing the contact. The film runout switch contact Ilsa is kept closed until the entire film has been run through the film magazine. The dual contacts ill and @118 of the bulb switch H5 will now be connected to one side of the current source through wire 5718a, switch i2 6, contacts H222, and wire I191).

The operator in depressing the push button I15, first connects the contact Hid with a contact I19 momentarily and closes a circuit through the wire H911 to the reset solenoid E39, and to ground, see Figures 4 and 31. This causes the core 181 of the solenoid 89 to strike the reset button of a mirror release reset switch I92, see Figure l, to close the switch.

The complete depressing of the push button I will connect the contact I'll with a contact I83 and current will fiow through wire Edda to the closed reset switch I 82 and to the mirror latch release solenoid I5, see Figure 4; actuating the mirror release latch id to free the stop 53 and permit the spring I4, see Figure 5, to close the mirror E against the lower end of the light trap. The swinging of the latch 55 to free the stop it also causes the latch to open the reset switch I82 and this switch is ready for a subsequent closing upon the release of the push button H5. It will further be seen from Figures 3 and i that the swinging of the latch E5 to free the mirror stop it will also permit a shutter lift switch I84 to open and break the circuit flowing through this switch.

The mirror E when in its upper position will close the lower curtain release split contact single throw switch 585, see Figure 5, by a lower curtain release switch tripping arm IIBG, carried by the mirror end support 9. t will also close the upper curtain release switch 531, see Figures 3 and 4, by an upper curtain release switch tripping arm I88. Current will flow from wire H80. through wire i'85a, through the closed lower curtain release switch 585, contact i850, wire 67a to the lower curtain release solenoid 61 and then to ground. Current will also flow from wire El'a through contact points I89a of the split contact switch I89 and thence through wire E ia to the upper curtain release solenoid I4 and to ground.

At the instant the lower curtain release switch I85 is closed by the raising of the mirror E, current is supplied from one side of the eighteen volt secondary of the transformer H3 through wire. I 85a, switch contact I85b, wire Ifiea, numbering device light I46, and back to the other side of the eighteen volt outlet of the transformer. The character on the card M5 will be photographed on the emulsion side of the film K as already explained, see Figure 22. Both ourtains H and J will be released by the energizing of the coils 6'! and IQ and the spring rollers 33 and 45, see Figure 6, will wind them to' move the shutter slot as, see Figure 9, across the sensitized film for taking the picture.

The moving of the upper curtain H, to its lowermost point causes the strip 30 to close the mirror reset solenoid and intermittent oscillator switch I 90, see Figure 6. Current will be supplied to the mirror reset solenoid 2! through wire 2m and then to ground, see Figure 5. The mirror E will be swung into its lower Or operative position. The current will also flow to solenoid I9I through wire I9Ia and from there to ground. This solenoid is for the purpose Of keeping track of the number of pictures taken of each subject automatically. The solo-noid iilI is illustrated in Figure 2 as automatically actuating a mechanical counter I92 for each picture taken. The counter will operate with either roll film or cut film and it must be reset to zero manually by means of the knob I93, see Figure 1, for each subject being photographed.

The current will also be supplied to the mirror reset solenoid 2i, resetting the mirror E to its operative and latched position which closes the shutter lift switch i8 3 (previously opened by the unlatching of mirror E) and permits current to flow through wire llBa, wire 584a, through ourtain lifting break switch I98 which is in series with switch I84, (switch I98 being previously closed by the dropping of the lower curtain lifting bar 49, see Figure 8) to the shutter lift reset solenoids 58 and then to ground. When the bar 99 reaches its uppermost position, switch E98 is again opened.

The current will also flow to the cam operated switch I63 of Figure 2'7, which is in On position, from wire I63a that connects with wire I9Ia, leading from solenoid MI. The solenoid I 56 will be energized and the current will flow to ground. The cam I65 causes an intermittent flow of current to the solenoid I56, which is momentarily energized by closing of the switch I99, so that the film take-up spool will be started in its intermittent rotation for winding up the exposed film. This will be described more fully hereinafter. Each time the switch I 63 cuts off the flow of current to the solenoid I56, the spring I59 will return the parts to starting position which will cause the gear Iii'l to swing the timing plate H9 to the position shown in Figure 27. The quarter segment I 650 will move to cause the switch I63 to again close. The plate l'JB causes a time lag before the current is again out off from the solenoid I56.

The current will also fiow through wire H3400 from wire I63a, to an aperture track double throw switch I94 used in connection with the full length picture movement of the film, see Figure 31, and this switch is also shown in Figure 18, supported by the aperture gate assembly 96. The margin of the film K has been previously provided with perforations KI at spaced distances equal to the length of the aperture opening in the film magazine D. The purpose of this switch i9 3 will be set forth shortly.

The current fiows on to the film roll exposure counter solenoid I95 from wire 595a and lower contact I94b of switch I94 and thence to ground asserts when the actuating button for switch I is in a film perforation K1. The solenoid [95 actuates another mechanical counter I96, see Figure 1', and similar to the counter I92. This counter I96 keeps track of the number of exposures madeor remaining tobe made on the film rollwhile the counter I'92- keeps track of the number of pictures taken of each subject. The counter I96 is manually set by the knob I91 for the total number of exposures the roll-' of film canrnake and is designed to have one number subtracted each time it is operated.- As each full aperture picture is taken, the solenoid F95 will be energized to subtract one number from the total indicated by the counter and this continues until a zero reading is reached at which time the operator knows the entire film has been used.

Assoon as the momentary movement of the film K moves a film portion under the buttonof switch I94, the switch will break H941) contact and close 1 84c contact. Current will now flow from wire "8a through double throw switch IE9 (contact Him) through contact I940, wire I94a-,

the oscillator cam switch PS3 to the solenoid I56 toground, maintaining the intermittent movement of the film- K until the button of switch I94 isopened by registering with the next film perfb=- ration K2; see film K in FigureBO. This co pletes the moving of' a new film section over the film aperture inthe' magazine ready for the next expo'sur'e'.

Before explaining the taking of pictures one half the length of the ap'ertureopening of the film magazine, it is best to briefly set forth the circuits used when taking a time exposure. In taking a time exposure, the knob T6 is depressed by the operator to free pin 78, see Figure l6, from its recess 19, whereupon the knob can be rotated clockwise whenlooking at Figure 17, tobring the pininto contact with the plate 83. lhedrum IT is maintained in its innermost position by the pin "[8" resting against the outer surface of plate 8I. 'I'hedrum inbeing moved inwardly depresses a contact actuating button 18a for closing contacts I'Q'Qb in Figure 31. V The operator in taking the time exposure, depresses bulb switch button I15, and current flows through contacts IT-I' and I33, wire iii-3a, bulb reset switch I82, mirror latch release solenoid It, and thence to ground. This releases mirror E as previously explained and the mirror upon closing or swinging i-n-to inoperative position, closes switches I85 and I'BT andcurrent will flow from wire t'id'a through wire I 85a, switch split contact I-85c, wire 51a, to the lower curtain release solenoid 5!- and to ground. The lower curtain will be released and it will be wound onits roller to uncover the shutter aperture and expose the firm. The film will continue to be exposed so long as the switch- I'T5- is kept depressed. Upon releas ingthe bulb switch I15, contacts H8 and I'i9 are momentarily closed and current will flow through wire I196, see Figure 31, contacts I-89bof the split contact switch I 89, upper curtain release switch I81, wire 13m to the upper curtain release solenoid 1'4 and then to ground. The upper curtain is released and closes the shutter aperture opening 21, completing the time exposure. The sequence of resetting the mirror and shutter will followv in the same manner as described for the taking of instantaneous pictures. The bulb reset switch solenoid I80 will also be actuated on the momentary closing of switch contacts- I18 and H9; re-

setting the bulb reset switch r82, so. it will be closedready for the next closing of the bulb' switch I 15,

When the operator wishes to take pictures onehalf thelength of the aperture opening, he placesl'tit' slide I T I'G'I in: the slot 88b; The center of the one-nan picture size opening (not shown) in theslide: Pita; is coaxially centered with the x axis of the camera, see Figures 2 and 30. The placing of the slide H- E a in the magazine I), ope'ns I 992 contact and closes Iecb contact. The slide I? I a has an ape'rtur'ewhich will register with the button of the safety slide switch [12, see Figure 18', keep ing the switch I17; closed to contacts I121). The revious cycleof exposure for the full length ic ture, already explained,- will be repeated for talcmg the smaller size picture.

A single throw auxiliary switch 299 is in series with a switch. 20f which is used for stopping the travelof the film after it has moved one-half its normal movement; and this is accomplished elec--' trically' as follows: Current flows from wire IlBw through switch con-tact [99b to switch contact 261 a and switch 260 (when the film erforation shown in dotted lines in Figure 30, has been moved away from the switch 2913' by the momentary closing of switch I-9I'I-,- which energizes solen oid I55 through the intermittent cam switch F63 to ground, thus closing switch 280). Since switch 2 00 is closed by the film moving its perforation i K2 away from the button of this switch, the filinwill continue movinguntil the perforation K2 registers with the button of a switch 281 placed a half a film picttire length from the switch 298 and causing it to close contact- 21th and. open contact 1 20m (see the fullline showing oi perforation K2v in Figure 80). This-stops the film movement afterit has been moved one-half its usual travel because con-tact' ill-Ia will be opened and current to the solenoid I56 will be: cut off.

The closing: contact 20 I l): lights film size change. light-202, the-low voltage current flowing from one. side of the secondary of the transformer H 3, through. wire Iz'I8a, through switch [99b contact, switch 2 0 in, light 20 2, see- Figures 1 and 30, and. back to the opposite end. of the transformer secondary. When the size change light 2&2 is on it indicates to the operator that the half size change kit Illa may be removed so that the full. aperture picture may be taken with a minimum of film loss.

Upon taking the next half size filmexposure-,- the photographic cycle previously explained will-v take: place", moving the film perforation K2 out from under the switch button of switch 2 til thereby closing 28 ta'contact and opening 20 lb contact.v This cuts 01? the current flowing to the size change light 2132. Theclosing. of contact-20m causes cur-- rent to flow through switch 200 which continues supplying current to the oscillator cam switch I63: and solenoid I56, and thence to ground. fhe film will therefore continue moving until. the next film perforation K3, see Figure 30, registers with the button of switch 250', thereby opening the switch and breaking the current to the solenoid I561 The film will therefore again stop after moving half its distance. As each successive half size picture is taken, the switcheszccand it! alternate in cutting off the supply of current to the solenoid rte, thereby stopping the film at every half picture length of fi-lm with no loss between adjacent exposures.

When the last film exposure has been made, whether of the full: aperture or half aperture size, the film will: continue to move due to the absence of any further film perforations Kt, and the film 

